A TV "season" in Japan is literally a thirteen week session, also called a "cours". That is why so many anime seem to come in 12-13 episode chunks, like 12-13 episodes, 24-26 episodes, 36-39 episodes, or 48-52 episodes, etc. Most anime run long enough to tell a single story, and are then retired, though if the title turns out to be sufficiently popular, sequels are often made.

honorifics
chan - usually used when speaking to a child or young woman
kun - usually used to refer to teen-aged boys, or sometimes to subordinates at work
san - standard title, often used when another appropriate title is not known
sama - usually used to address a social superior
dono - used to address someone several social levels higher
senpai - often heard in animes set at schools, this term is used by underclassmen to address upper classmen
sensei - again, often used in animes set at schools, this term is used to address teachers. It can also be used to address medical doctors, lawyers, or academicians.

bishojou - pretty girl

bishonen - pretty boy

cosplay - short for "costume play", meaning people dressing up as anime characters, or in types of clothing usually related to a particular type of job or activity, like a cheerleader's uniform or a maid's outfit. This is quite a popular activity at anime conventions.

dub - usually used to refer to an English language voice track, it can technically be applied to any voice track, including the original Japanese.

ecchi - anime with lots of panty shots, skimpy clothing, partial or total nudity, compromising situations, innuendo, suggestive or provocative language, etc.

fan service - see ecchi Note that either men or women can be shown this way.

graphic novel - a longer-than-normal comic book. These are often printed on higher quality paper, and are regarded as a showcase for the artist's and/or writer's talents.

hentai - animated pornography

josei - woman/intended for women

light novel - a novel with illustrations. Should not be confused with a graphic novel or manga.

lolicon – having to do with a Lolita complex.

manga - Japanese comics, usually published first in magazines, and later collected and released in book form. Often serves as source material for anime.

mangaka - the author/illustrator of a manga.

mecha - a story that involves one or more gigantic powered and armored exoskeleton(s). These stories usually involve police, mercenary, or military characters. Also called "giant robot" anime, though the mecha seldom have any initiative to act on their own.

moe - This is a difficult concept to convey. The term is generally applied to characters that meet at least these criteria: 1) the character is both cute and vulnerable, which causes the viewer to want to protect them, and
2) the character comforts the viewer, or makes him feel comfortable or relaxed. Examples would be Ayu from “Kanon”, Kazumi Yoshida from “Shakugan no Shana”, or Miyuki or Tsukasa from “Lucky Star”.

oop - out of print

OVA/OAV - Original Video Animation, what we would call Direct to DVD

seinen - man/intended for men (or sometimes for general audiences)

seiyuu - Japanese voice actor/actress, also often a singer

shojou - girl/intended for girls

shojou-ai - two girls or young women that seem a little TOO close, but not quite to the degree of yuri

shonen - boy/intended for boys

shonen-ai - two boys or young men that seem a little TOO close, but not quite to the degree of yaoi

sub - short for sub-title, usually used to refer to an anime that has been given English sub-titles, but not an English voice track

tsundere - a person (usually a girl) who is cold and harsh in public, but warm and loving in private

VA - voice actor

yaoi - two boys or young men in a romantic (homosexual) relationship

yuri - two girls or young women in a romantic (lesbian) relationship