Sci-fi: you can't beat some of the classics like Akira and Ghost in the Shell. Blame is a good read, considering it is a like a silent movie, the world is so unique, it is a must have for sci-fi fans.
Fantasy: It's like every other book on the shelf. That's the US market right there. I agree Claymore is one of the best. Depending on your definition of what fantasy genre is, you can easily put Death Note, Naruto, Bleach in fantasy category. Try Mushishi, if you don't like violence with your fantasy.
Action: I recently picked up Jack Frost by Yen Press and it is quite good, action wise. But if you are old enough for brutal violence, try Blade of the Immortal (warning: it makes everything else like a roller coaster ride in grandma's house... whatever that means!). Bleach and Naruto is definitely up in this category for sure.
Comedy: I have been reading Welcome to the NHK. Again, that's pretty older teen. If you like Japanese humor, you must read Sayonara Zetsubou-Sensei. I like the anime better.